What is the purpose of the camshaft in an engine?

The camshaft's primary function in an engine is to open and close the intake and exhaust valves at the correct times during the engine's operation. This timing is critical for allowing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and for expelling exhaust gases following combustion. The camshaft achieves this by using lobes that push against the valve lifters, which in turn cause the valves to move up and down as the camshaft rotates.

The precise timing of these movements contributes to the engine's efficiency, performance, and power output. If the camshaft didn't operate correctly, it could lead to poor engine performance, increased emissions, or mechanical failure. Therefore, its role in regulating the timing of valve openings and closings is essential to the overall function of the engine.